Arsitektur Pengelolaan Dam Haji Berbasis Financial Technology: Studi Kelayakan Implementasi di Indonesia
Abstract
Pengelolaan dana dam haji telah lama menghadapi trilema krusial: inefisiensi logistik, kurangnya transparansi transaksi, dan kegagalan dalam merespons kebutuhan sosial mendesak seperti penanggulangan bencana. Meskipun studi terdahulu telah memvalidasi legitimasi teologis (fiqh) substitusi hewan ke uang tunai, kesenjangan signifikan masih terjadi terkait arsitektur teknis dan regulasi untuk implementasi nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoperasionalkan mandat UU No. 14 Tahun 2025 yang bervisi membentuk ekosistem ekonomi haji dengan merancang Integrated Digital Dam System (IDDS). Mengadopsi pendekatan sosio-legal, riset ini menringulasi data dari analisis regulasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan pemangku kepentingan kunci, termasuk regulator, ulama, dan pakar fintech. Kelayakan model yang diusulkan dievaluasi menggunakan kerangka kerja TELOS. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan Kementerian memberikan otoritas institusional yang diperlukan untuk mengakhiri kekosongan regulasi yang sebelumnya menyuburkan shadow economy. Secara teknis, arsitektur IDDS memanfaatkan smart contracts untuk mengotomatisasi mekanisme pembagian dana antara kepatuhan ritual di Arab Saudi dan dana abadi bencana di Indonesia sehingga mengeliminasi biaya logistik distribusi daging fisik. Studi menyimpulkan bahwa IDDS menawarkan cetak biru kebijakan yang sangat layak bagi Kementerian Haji dan Umrah untuk mentransformasi aset keagamaan pasif menjadi jaring pengaman sosial yang aktif, mengharmonisasikan kesucian ritual (Hifz ad-Din) dengan ketahanan kemanusiaan (Hifz an-Nafs).
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