Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Bukti Data Panel dari 34 Provinsi di Indonesia
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Indeks Pembangunan Manusia dan penyerapan tenaga kerja terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia selama periode 2020-2024. Masalah utama yang dikaji adalah sejauh mana kualitas sumber daya manusia dan kerja mampu mendorong stabilitas ekonomi secara berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi data panel yang mencakup 34 provinsi di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian statistik, model Fixed Effect erpilih sebagai model estimasi yang paling tepat untuk menangkap karakteristik unik antarwilayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan, seluruh variabel yang diuji berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Secara individual, IPM, dan penyerapan tenaga kerja, terbukti memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Temuan lain juga terbukti Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sebaliknya, UMR tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam periode penelitian ini. Temuan menarik lainnya menunjukkan bahwa persentase penduduk miskin berpengaruh positif, yang menandakan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi belum sepenuhnya bersifat inklusif bagi seluruh masyarakat.
Keywords:
Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, IPM, Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja, Indonesia.
References
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Maulana, H., Syahnur, S., & Abrar, M. (2025). Economic Growth in Indonesia: The Influence of Fiscal Decentralization, Investment, Labor, and Human Development Index. Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies, 2(2), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.61975/gjbes.v2i2.75
Mega, A., Laziva, N., Azmi, N., Siti, S., & Siti, W. (2025). QURANOMIC: JURNAL EKONOMI DAN BISNIS ISLAM PERAN TENAGA KERJA DALAM PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH (Vol. 4). Retrieved from https://jurnalannur.ac.id/index.php/quranomic
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Nirwana, R., Suzanna, S., Nurriqli, A., Fatimah, S., & Anatasia, M. (2026). Sustainability, Financial Performance dan Implikasinya terhadap Audit Outcomes: Studi Pada Indonesian Mining Companies. Jurnal Literasi Akuntansi, 6(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.55587/jla.v6i1.282
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Prasetyo, M. D., & Rivai, A. (2025). Regional Economic Growth Drivers in Java: Poverty, Human Development, and Labor. Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 12(1), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.35590/jeb.v12i1.12055
Putriy, R. M., & Nurhayati, S. F. (2024). Analisis faktor-faktor penyerapan tenaga kerja di Karesidenan Pekalongan tahun 2017-2022. Journal of Economics Research and Policy Studies, 4(2), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.53088/jerps.v4i2.1108
Puyo, S. A., Abdul, I., Djuuna, R. F., Korespondensi, E., & Kunci, K. (2025). Pengaruh Kemiskinan, Pengeluaran Per Kapita Non Makanan dan Anggaran Belanja Pendidikan Terhadap Tingkat Pekerja Anak Di Indonesia. 8(2).
Qanita, Q., & Nasir, M. (2025). The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment, Labor, Manufacturing Industry and Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies, 2(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.61975/gjbes.v2i2.72
Ranis, G., & Stewart, F. (2000). Economic Growth and Human Development. Retrieved from https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
Ravallion, M. (2009). Why Don’t We See Poverty Convergence? Retrieved from http://econ.worldbank.org.
Rivaldo, M., & Susilowati, D. (2025). Analysis of the Impact of Information and Communication Technology, Human Development Index, Economic Growth, and Minimum Wages on Unemployment in Banten. In Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi (JIE) (Vol. 09).
Rosa Amelia, & Rinny Meidiyustiani. (2024). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Umur Perusahaan, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Mutiara Ilmu Akuntansi, 2(3), 201–217. https://doi.org/10.55606/jumia.v2i3.3221
Sah, T., Valeriani, D., & Putri, A. K. (2025). Demographic Dividend and Its Regional Variation: Evidence from Bangka Belitung Islands Province. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-974-2_8
Silalahi, P., & Primacintya, V. A. (2025). The Role of Investment in Promoting Inclusive Growth: A Panel Data Study of Indonesian Provinces. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, Desember, 2025(2), 116–132. https://doi.org/10.29244/jekp.14.2.2025.116-132
Silvia, V., Agustina, M., & Zulfa, D. (2025). What drives household labor absorption in Indonesia? A provincial-level analysis using panel ARDL modeling. Cogent Economics and Finance, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2025.2485398
Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. In Source: The Quarterly Journal of Economics (Vol. 70).
Topel, R. (1999). Labor Markets and Economic Growth.
Urbano, D., Audretsch, D., Aparicio, S., & Noguera, M. (2020). Does entrepreneurial activity matter for economic growth in developing countries? The role of the institutional environment. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(3), 1065–1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-019-00621-5
Wijaya, A., Tasenţe, T., Darma, D. C., & Kasuma, J. (2021). Labor force and economic growth based on demographic pressures, happiness, and human development: Empirical from Romania. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research, 8(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v8i1.571
Wulandari, A. I., & Cahyono, H. (2026). The Influence of Inequality, Labor, Poverty, and HDI on Economic Growth in East Nusa Tenggara. In Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi (JIE) (Vol. 10).
Azariadis, C., & Stachurski, J. (2005). DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS Poverty Traps.
Cengiz, D., Dube, A., Lindner, A., Zipperer, B., We, Ú., Autor, D., … Wilhelm, D. (2019). The E of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs ú.
Cooksey, R. W. (2020). Descriptive Statistics for Summarising Data. In Illustrating Statistical Procedures: Finding Meaning in Quantitative Data (pp. 61–139). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2537-7_5
Dima, E. T. Y., & Nalle, F. W. (2025). Economic growth dynamics in Kupang City: The role of poverty, human development index, and inflation. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 7(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v7i1.2712
Dwiputrianti, S., Larindah Situngkir, S. Y., Lele, G., & Asmorowati, S. (2025). Strategic government spending and human development in Papua, District-Level panel evidence, 2018–2022. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2582221
Fazaalloh, A. M. (2024). FDI and economic growth in Indonesia: a provincial and sectoral analysis. Journal of Economic Structures, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-023-00323-w
Fisher, T. C. G. (1989). Efficiency Wages: A Literature Survey.
Gregory Mankiw David Romer David Weil, N. N., Ball, L., Blanchard, O., Case, A., Katz, L., King, R., … Roiner Gregory Mankiw, D. N. (1990). NBER WORKING PAPERS SERIES A CONTRIBUTION TO THE EMPIRICS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH We are grateful to Karen Dynan for research assistance, to.
Hirvilammi, T., & Koch, M. (2020, March 1). Sustainable welfare beyond growth. Sustainability (Switzerland), Vol. 12, pp. 1–8. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051824
Kalimantan, D., Amirul, S., Margono, W., Rusmin, M., Program, N., Pembangunan, S. E., … Mangkurat, L. (2024). Pengaruh Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di 13 Kabupaten/Kota. JIEP: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 7(2), 304–315.
Kanval, N., Ihsan, H., Irum, S., & Ambreen, I. (2024). Human Capital Formation, Foreign Direct Investment Inflows, and Economic Growth: A Way Forward to Achieve Sustainable Development. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences (JMPHSS), 8(3), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.33152/jmphss-8.3.5
Khairunnisa, R., & Arini, G. A. (2025). DETERMINANTS OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE (NTB). 11(2), 283–295. Retrieved from http://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/altijarah
Kharisma, B., Remi, S. S., Wardhana, A., & Silalahi, F. R. (2025). Foreign Direct Investment, Institutional Quality and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from ASEAN. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 108–125. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v26i1.8822
Klugman, J., Rodríguez, F., & Choi, H.-J. (2011). Old Critiques. Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstract=2351447Electroniccopyavailableat:https://ssrn.com/abstract=2351447
Kurnia Putri, F., & Prihadi Utomo, Y. (2025). Analysis of the Influence of Investment, Human Development Index, Minimum Wage, Economic Growth, Education on Unemployment in Banten Province 2017-2022 (Vol. 23). Retrieved from https://jurnal.ubd.ac.id/index.php/ds
Leiwakabessy, E., & Amaluddin, A. (2020). A MODIFIED HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, DEMOCRACY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(2), 732–743. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8282
Luukkanen, J., Vehmas, J., Kaivo-oja, J., & O’Mahony, T. (2024). Towards a General Theory of Sustainable Development: Using a Sustainability Window Approach to Explore All Possible Scenario Paths of Economic Growth and Degrowth. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 16(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135326
Maksimilianus Gai, A., Marito Sir, M., Alvionita Paru, M., & Aryunto, P. (2025). THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, AND OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ON POVERTY LEVELS IN SUMENEP REGENCY. In Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) (Vol. 8).
Maulana, H., Syahnur, S., & Abrar, M. (2025). Economic Growth in Indonesia: The Influence of Fiscal Decentralization, Investment, Labor, and Human Development Index. Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies, 2(2), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.61975/gjbes.v2i2.75
Mega, A., Laziva, N., Azmi, N., Siti, S., & Siti, W. (2025). QURANOMIC: JURNAL EKONOMI DAN BISNIS ISLAM PERAN TENAGA KERJA DALAM PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH (Vol. 4). Retrieved from https://jurnalannur.ac.id/index.php/quranomic
Meliza Sari, P., Bachtiar, N., Ariyanto, E., & Putra, F. P. (2025). Digital inclusion and labor market outcomes for persons with disabilities in Indonesia: a comparative 3SLS study of entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial pathways. Cogent Economics and Finance, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2025.2559041
Nirwana, R., Suzanna, S., Nurriqli, A., Fatimah, S., & Anatasia, M. (2026). Sustainability, Financial Performance dan Implikasinya terhadap Audit Outcomes: Studi Pada Indonesian Mining Companies. Jurnal Literasi Akuntansi, 6(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.55587/jla.v6i1.282
Pongge, M. I., Lawalu, E. M., Masri, M., & Gamatara, M. P. J. (2025). Foreign Investment, Human Development, and Regional Disparities in Indonesia: A Provincial Comparative Analysis. Journal of Economics Research and Social Sciences, 9(2), 231–253. https://doi.org/10.18196/jerss.v9i2.27522
Prasetyo, M. D., & Rivai, A. (2025). Regional Economic Growth Drivers in Java: Poverty, Human Development, and Labor. Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 12(1), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.35590/jeb.v12i1.12055
Putriy, R. M., & Nurhayati, S. F. (2024). Analisis faktor-faktor penyerapan tenaga kerja di Karesidenan Pekalongan tahun 2017-2022. Journal of Economics Research and Policy Studies, 4(2), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.53088/jerps.v4i2.1108
Puyo, S. A., Abdul, I., Djuuna, R. F., Korespondensi, E., & Kunci, K. (2025). Pengaruh Kemiskinan, Pengeluaran Per Kapita Non Makanan dan Anggaran Belanja Pendidikan Terhadap Tingkat Pekerja Anak Di Indonesia. 8(2).
Qanita, Q., & Nasir, M. (2025). The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment, Labor, Manufacturing Industry and Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies, 2(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.61975/gjbes.v2i2.72
Ranis, G., & Stewart, F. (2000). Economic Growth and Human Development. Retrieved from https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
Ravallion, M. (2009). Why Don’t We See Poverty Convergence? Retrieved from http://econ.worldbank.org.
Rivaldo, M., & Susilowati, D. (2025). Analysis of the Impact of Information and Communication Technology, Human Development Index, Economic Growth, and Minimum Wages on Unemployment in Banten. In Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi (JIE) (Vol. 09).
Rosa Amelia, & Rinny Meidiyustiani. (2024). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Umur Perusahaan, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Mutiara Ilmu Akuntansi, 2(3), 201–217. https://doi.org/10.55606/jumia.v2i3.3221
Sah, T., Valeriani, D., & Putri, A. K. (2025). Demographic Dividend and Its Regional Variation: Evidence from Bangka Belitung Islands Province. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-974-2_8
Silalahi, P., & Primacintya, V. A. (2025). The Role of Investment in Promoting Inclusive Growth: A Panel Data Study of Indonesian Provinces. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, Desember, 2025(2), 116–132. https://doi.org/10.29244/jekp.14.2.2025.116-132
Silvia, V., Agustina, M., & Zulfa, D. (2025). What drives household labor absorption in Indonesia? A provincial-level analysis using panel ARDL modeling. Cogent Economics and Finance, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2025.2485398
Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. In Source: The Quarterly Journal of Economics (Vol. 70).
Topel, R. (1999). Labor Markets and Economic Growth.
Urbano, D., Audretsch, D., Aparicio, S., & Noguera, M. (2020). Does entrepreneurial activity matter for economic growth in developing countries? The role of the institutional environment. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(3), 1065–1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-019-00621-5
Wijaya, A., Tasenţe, T., Darma, D. C., & Kasuma, J. (2021). Labor force and economic growth based on demographic pressures, happiness, and human development: Empirical from Romania. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research, 8(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v8i1.571
Wulandari, A. I., & Cahyono, H. (2026). The Influence of Inequality, Labor, Poverty, and HDI on Economic Growth in East Nusa Tenggara. In Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi (JIE) (Vol. 10).
Published
2026-05-23
How to Cite
Al Afif, M., & Fauzi, A. (2026). Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Bukti Data Panel dari 34 Provinsi di Indonesia. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ekonomi Syariah), 9(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v9i2.2719
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