Analisis Efektivitas Penggunaan E-Wallet Melalui Technology, Organization, Environment (Toe) Framework: Studi Pada Umkm Warung Kopi Di Kota Medan
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan e-wallet pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) warung kopi di Kota Medan dengan menggunakan Technology, Organization, Environment (TOE) Framework. Meskipun penggunaan e-wallet terus meningkat, efektivitas implementasinya pada UMKM masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti keterbatasan kesiapan teknologi, dukungan organisasi, dan tekanan lingkungan bisnis. Selain itu, penelitian terdahulu mengenai TOE lebih banyak berfokus pada keputusan adopsi teknologi, sedangkan kajian mengenai efektivitas penggunaan e-wallet setelah diimplementasikan pada sektor UMKM masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei terhadap 138 responden yang terdiri atas pemilik, manajer, dan kasir UMKM warung kopi di Kota Medan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel technology, organization, dan environment secara simultan maupun parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap efektivitas penggunaan e-wallet. Variabel environment merupakan faktor yang memiliki pengaruh paling dominan, diikuti oleh organization dan technology. Temuan ini memperluas bukti empiris mengenai penerapan TOE Framework dalam mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan e-wallet pada UMKM sektor kuliner serta memberikan implikasi bagi pelaku usaha dan penyedia layanan pembayaran digital dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan transformasi digital UMKM.
References
Apasrawirotea, D., & Yawisedb, K. (2021). The factors influencing the adoption of E-payment system by SMEs. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 15(8). DOI: 10.32629/jai.v7i1.1047.
Baker, J. (2011). The technology–Organization–Environment framework. Information Systems Theory: Explaining and Predicting Our Digital Society, 1, 231-245. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6108-2_12.
GoodStats. (2025). Hambatan Cashless, Apa Alasan Publik Masih Bayar dengan Tunai? https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/hambatan-cashless-apa-alasan-publik-masih-bayar-dengan-tunai-yoGMI (12 Februari 2026).
Grant, D., & Yeo, B. (2018). A global perspective on tech investment, financing, and ICT on manufacturing and service industry performance. International Journal of Information Management, 43, 130-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.06.007.
Guo, J., & Bouwman, H. (2016). An analytical framework for an m-payment ecosystem: A merchants' perspective. Telecommunications Policy, 40(2-3), 147-167. DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2015.09.008.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12, 1-5. DOI: 10.1057/s41270-023-00279-7.
Hammouri, Q., Aloqool, A., Saleh, B. A., Aldossary, H., Al Frejat, S. Y., Halim, M., & Darawsheh, S. R. (2023). An empirical investigation on acceptance of e-wallets in the fintech era in Jordan: Extending UTAUT2 model with perceived trust. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(3). DOI: 10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.4.013.
Mahakittikun, T., Suntrayuth, S., & Bhatiasevi, V. (2021). The impact of technological-organizational-environmental (TOE) factors on firm performance: merchant's perspective of mobile payment from Thailand's retail and service firms. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 15(2), 359-383. DOI: 10.1108/JABS-01-2020-0012.
Mouakket, S. (2020). Investigating the role of mobile payment quality characteristics in the United Arab Emirates: implications for emerging economies. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(7), 1465-1490. DOI: 10.1108/IJBM-03-2020-0139.
Ojo, A. O., Fawehinmi, O., Tan, C. N. L., & Ojo, O. T. (2024). Merchant adoption intention of mobile payment platforms in Malaysia. Journal of Systems and Information technology, 26(1), 31-50. DOI: 10.1108/JSIT-08-2022-0200.
Ramli, F. A. A., & Hamzah, A. (2021). Mobile payment and E-wallet adoption in emerging economies: A systematic literature review. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 9(2), 1-39. DOI: 10.24191/jeeir.v9i2.13617.
Salimon, M. G., Kareem, O., Mokhtar, S. S. M., Aliyu, O. A., Bamgbade, J. A., & Adeleke, A. Q. (2023). Malaysian SMEs m-commerce adoption: TAM 3, UTAUT 2 and TOE approach. Journal of Science and technology Policy Management, 14(1), 98-126. DOI: 10.1108/JSIT-08-2022-0200.
Singh, S., & Srivastava, R. K. (2018). Predicting the intention to use mobile banking in India. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 36(2), 357-378. DOI: 10.1108/IJBM-12-2016-0186.
Statista Market Insight. (2025). Number of mobile wallets in use worldwide in 2020 with a forecast for 2025, by region. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1272169/mobile-wallets-in-use-worldwide-by-region/ (21 Juni 2025).
Sunoko, R., Saefuddin, A., Nanere, M., & Ratten, V. (2021). Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and Indonesian national economies during and post COVID-19. In Entrepreneurial Innovation: Strategy and Competition Aspects. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4795-6_13.
Tornatzky, L. G., & Fleischer, M. (1990). Processes of Technological Innovation. Lexington Books.
Trianto, B., Nik Azman, N. H., & Masrizal, M. (2025). E-payment adoption and utilization among micro-entrepreneurs: a comparative analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Science and technology Policy Management, 16(2), 314-343. DOI: 10.1108/JSTPM-12-2022-0207.
Zhang, X., Xu, Y., & Ma, L. (2022). Research on successful factors and influencing mechanism of the digital transformation in SMEs. Sustainability, 14(5), 2549. DOI: 10.3390/su14052549.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
