Employee Emotions on Employee Performance: The Role of Human Character
Abstract
This study strives to enhance employee performance by bridging the mediating role of the human character of the Emotional Employee. Employee emotional changes can be boosted by potential human character, which would have the ability to strengthen employee performance. Data has been collected from 227 employees across the profession, and this has been analyzed using structural equation modeling SEM-PLS. The findings of the SEM show that emotional employee have a positive direct effect on the human character. The data results using this quantitative method showed that employees' emotions had a direct positive impact on human character. Emotional wealth has a positive effect on employee performance. The human character holds proven to potentially bridge the inconsistency of employee emotional changes towards optimizing employee performance. From a methodological standpoint, the role of "static" human characters is paired with symmetrical and asymmetric statistical instruments to better comprehend contingencies and interactions in this study. This approach adds to the literature by examining how individual characters must be awakened through employees' emotions for them to perform well.
Keywords:
Emotional Employee, Human Character and Employee Performance;
References
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Ammeter, A. P. et al. (2002) ‘Toward a political theory of leadership’, Leadership Quarterly, 13(6), pp. 751–796. doi: 10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00157-1.
Arbuckle, J. L. (2016) IBM® SPSS® AmosTM user’s guide. Amos Development Corporation.
Aspan, H. et al. (2020) ‘Individual characteristics and job characteristics on work effectiveness in the state-owned company: The moderating effect of emotional intelligence’, International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change.
Avey, J. B. et al. (2012) ‘Impact of employees’ character strengths of wisdom on stress and creative performance’, Human Resource Management Journal. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-8583.2010.00157.x.
Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. W. and Nijstad, B. A. (2008) ‘A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: Hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus?’, Psychological bulletin, 134(6), p. 779.
Bardzil, P. and Slaski, M. (2003) ‘Emotional intelligence: Fundamental competencies for enhanced service provision’, Managing Service Quality: An International Journal.
Beecher, M. D. (1989) ‘Signalling systems for individual recognition: an information theory approach’, Animal Behaviour, 38(2), pp. 248–261. doi: 10.1016/S0003-3472(89)80087-9.
Beltrán-Martín, I. and Bou-Llusar, J. C. (2018) ‘Examining the intermediate role of employee abilities, motivation and opportunities to participate in the relationship between HR bundles and employee performance’, BRQ Business Research Quarterly. doi: 10.1016/j.brq.2018.02.001.
Brewer, P. D. and Brewer, K. L. (2010) ‘Knowledge Management, Human Resource Management, and Higher Education: A Theoretical Model’, Journal of Education for Business, 85(6), pp. 330–335. doi: 10.1080/08832321003604938.
Cerezo, L., Moreno, N. and Leow, R. P. (2015) ‘12. Psycholinguistically motivated CALL activities’, in A Psycholinguistic Approach to Technology and Language Learning. doi: 10.1515/9781614513674-015.
Chakrabarti, G. and Chatterjea, T. (2017) Employees’ emotional intelligence, motivation & productivity, and organizational excellence: A future trend in HRD, Employees’ Emotional Intelligence, Motivation & Productivity, and Organizational Excellence: A Future Trend in HRD. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-5759-5.
Choudhary, N. et al. (2017) ‘Employee job performance: The interplay of leaders’ emotion management ability and employee perception of job characteristics’, Journal of Management Development. doi: 10.1108/JMD-10-2016-0195.
Connelly, B. L. et al. (2011) ‘Signaling theory: A review and assessment’, Journal of Management, pp. 39–67. doi: 10.1177/0149206310388419.
Corner, P. D. and Ho, M. (2010) ‘How opportunities develop in social entrepreneurship’, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 34(4), pp. 635–659. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00382.x.
Crossan, M. M. et al. (2017) ‘Toward a framework of leader character in organizations’, Journal of Management Studies, 54, pp. 986–1018. doi: 10.1111/joms.
Dall’Ora, C. et al. (2016) ‘Characteristics of shift work and their impact on employee performance and wellbeing: A literature review’, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57, pp. 12–27. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.007.
Davis, M. A. (2009) ‘Understanding the relationship between mood and creativity: A meta-analysis’, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108(1), pp. 25–38. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.04.001.
Delcourt, C. et al. (2013) ‘Effects of perceived employee emotional competence on customer satisfaction and loyalty: The mediating role of rapport’, Journal of Service Management, 24(1), pp. 5–24. doi: 10.1108/09564231311304161.
Delcourt, C. et al. (2016) ‘Employee Emotional Competence: Construct Conceptualization and Validation of a Customer-Based Measure’, Journal of Service Research, 19(1), pp. 72–87. doi: 10.1177/1094670515590776.
Delcourt, C. et al. (2017) ‘An analysis of the interaction effect between employee technical and emotional competencies in emotionally charged service encounters’, Journal of Service Management, 28(1), pp. 85–106.
Dhani, P. and Sharma, T. (2017) ‘Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance of IT employees: A gender study’, Procedia computer science, 122, pp. 180–185.
Diamantidis, A. D. and Chatzoglou, P. (2018) ‘Factors affecting employee performance: an empirical approach’, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
Edmondson, A. C. (2012) Teaming: How organizations learn, innovate, and compete in the knowledge economy. John Wiley & Sons.
Ekhsan, M. et al. (2020) ‘Analysis of the Effect of Learning Orientation, Role of Leaders and Competence to Employee Performance Front Office the Sultan Hotel Jakarta’, in 4th International Conference on Management, Economics and Business (ICMEB 2019). Atlantis Press, pp. 239–244. doi: 10.2991/aebmr.k.200205.042.
Fernandes, T., Morgado, M. and Rodrigues, M. A. (2018) ‘The role of employee emotional competence in service recovery encounters’, Journal of Services Marketing, 32(7), pp. 835–849. doi: 10.1108/JSM-07-2017-0237.
Geng, Z. et al. (2014) ‘The effects of emotional labor on frontline employee creativity’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(7), pp. 1046–1064. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-12-2012-0244.
Godwin, J. L., Neck, C. P. and D’Intino, R. S. (2016) ‘Self-leadership, spirituality, and entrepreneur performance: a conceptual model’, Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 13(1), pp. 64–78. doi: 10.1080/14766086.2015.1122546.
Grobelna, A. (2019) ‘Effects of individual and job characteristics on hotel contact employees’ work engagement and their performance outcomes: A case study from Poland’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), pp. 349–369. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-08-2017-0501.
Hair, J. F. et al. (2010) Multivariate data analysis: Global edition. UK: Pearson Education Limited.
Hair, J. F. (2014) Multivariat Data Analysis 7th Edition. 7th ed. USA: Pearson Education Limited.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M. and Sarstedt, M. (2011) ‘PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet’, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), pp. 139–152. doi: 10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202.
Heller, W. et al. (2006) ‘Characters in contexts: Identity and personality processes that influence individual and family adjustment to brain injury’, Journal of Rehabilitation.
Hudson, S. D. (2021) Human character and morality: Reflections from the history of ideas. Routledge.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2017) ‘Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring the conditional effects of self-determination and Confucian mindset’, International Journal of Business and Society.
Javanmard, H. (2012) ‘The impact of spirituality on work performance’, Indian Journal of Science and Technology. doi: 10.17485/ijst/2012/v5i1/30966.
Joelle, M. and Coelho, A. M. (2019) ‘The impact of spirituality at work on workers’ attitudes and individual performance’, International Journal of Human Resource Management. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1314312.
Karasek III, R. and Bryant, P. (2012) ‘Signaling theory: Past, present, and future’, Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 11(1), p. 91.
Karatepe, O. M. and Baddar, L. (2006) ‘An empirical study of the selected consequences of frontline employees’ work–family conflict and family–work conflict’, Tourism management, 27(5), pp. 1017–1028.
Khan, Z. et al. (2020) ‘Employee emotional resilience during post-merger integration across national boundaries: Rewards and the mediating role of fairness norms’, Journal of World Business, 55(2), p. 100888.
Kidwell, B. et al. (2011) ‘Emotional intelligence in marketing exchanges’, Journal of marketing, 75(1), pp. 78–95.
Kim, G. H. et al. (2018) ‘Emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms in female Bank employees: a questionnaire survey using the K-ELS and K-WVS’, Annals of occupational and environmental medicine, 30(1), pp. 1–8.
Kim, T. T. et al. (2012) ‘Emotional intelligence and emotional labor acting strategies among frontline hotel employees’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Klaus, L. and Fernando, M. (2013) ‘Social innovation through spiritual leadership’, Working Papers Series on Social Responsibility, Ethics & Sustainable Business – Volume 2, pp. 26–27. Available at: http://www.csrconferences.org/RePEc/aes/icsrog/2013/2013_2_019.pdf.
Kore, E. L. R. et al. (2019) ‘Effects of individual characteristics, occupational safety and health on employee performance of PT PLN (Persero) in Merauke regency’, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing, p. 12047. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/235/1/012047.
Marbawi et al. (2018) ‘The influence of organizational culture, individual characteristics, and transformational leadership style on the job satisfaction and performance of employees in indonesia’, Quality - Access to Success, 19(163), pp. 43–46.
Men, L. R. and Yue, C. A. (2019) ‘Creating a positive emotional culture: Effect of internal communication and impact on employee supportive behaviors’, Public Relations Review, 45(3), p. 101764. doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.03.001.
Owen, R. (1814) A New View of Society: Or, Essays on the Principle of the Formation of the Human Character, and the Application of the Principle to Practice: Essay 3. Cadell & Davies.
Oyen, M. P. V., Gel, E. G. S. and Hopp, W. J. (2001) ‘Performance opportunity for workforce agility in collaborative and noncollaborative work systems’, IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers). doi: 10.1080/07408170108936871.
Penrose, L. S. (1938) ‘Genetic Linkage in Graded Human Characters’, Annals of Eugenics, 8(3), pp. 233–237. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1938.tb02176.x.
Rasooli, T. et al. (2019) ‘The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Attitudes of Organizational Culture among Managers of Hospitals of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences: 2019’, Entomol Appl Sci Lett, 6(3), pp. 62–67.
Rathi, N., Bhatnagar, D. and Mishra, S. K. (2013) ‘Effect of Emotional Labor on Emotional Exhaustion and Work Attitudes among Hospitality Employees in India’, Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 12(3), pp. 273–290. doi: 10.1080/15332845.2013.769142.
Rawat, P. S., Lyndon, S. and Jose, J. (2020) ‘Employee reactiveness and inclusive leadership : time to manage emotional diversity’. doi: 10.1108/SAJBS-02-2020-0042.
Rice, D. B., Young, N. C. J. and Sheridan, S. (2020) ‘Improving employee emotional and behavioral investments through the trickle-down effect of organizational inclusiveness and the role of moral supervisors’, Journal of Business and Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s10869-019-09675-2.
Robbins, S. P. and Judge, T. A. (2017) ‘Organizational behavior, Edition 17, Global edition’. Boston: Pearson.
Saffar, N. and Obeidat, A. (2020) ‘The effect of total quality management practices on employee performance: The moderating role of knowledge sharing’, Management Science Letters, 10(1), pp. 77–90.
Schleu, J. E. and Hüffmeier, J. (2021) ‘Simply the best? A systematic literature review on the predictive validity of employee performance for leader performance’, Human Resource Management Review, 31(2), p. 100777. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100777.
Seijts, G., Espinoza, J. A. and Carswell, J. (2020) ‘Utility analysis of character assessment in employee placement’, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 41(5), pp. 703–720. doi: 10.1108/LODJ-07-2019-0314.
Shahhosseini, M. et al. (2012) ‘The role of emotional intelligence on job performance’, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(21).
Su, W.-P., Pham, B. and Wardhani, A. (2005) ‘High-level control posture of story characters based on personality and emotion’, in Proceedings of the second Australasian conference on Interactive entertainment.
Sweeney, P. J. and Fry, L. W. (2012) ‘Character development through spiritual leadership’, Consulting Psychology Journal. doi: 10.1037/a0028966.
Wang, M. et al. (2019) ‘The effect of spiritual leadership on employee effectiveness: An intrinsic motivation perspective’, Frontiers in psychology, 9, p. 2627.
Wright, T. A. et al. (2017) ‘Best practice recommendations for scale construction in organizational research: The development and initial validation of the Character Strength Inventory (CSI)’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(5), pp. 615–628. doi: 10.1002/job.2180.
Yuvaraj, S. and Eveline, S. N. D. (2018) ‘THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE TOWARDS EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT’, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics.
Zwir, I. et al. (2020) ‘Uncovering the complex genetics of human character’, Molecular psychiatry, 25(10), pp. 2295–2312.
Ammeter, A. P. et al. (2002) ‘Toward a political theory of leadership’, Leadership Quarterly, 13(6), pp. 751–796. doi: 10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00157-1.
Arbuckle, J. L. (2016) IBM® SPSS® AmosTM user’s guide. Amos Development Corporation.
Aspan, H. et al. (2020) ‘Individual characteristics and job characteristics on work effectiveness in the state-owned company: The moderating effect of emotional intelligence’, International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change.
Avey, J. B. et al. (2012) ‘Impact of employees’ character strengths of wisdom on stress and creative performance’, Human Resource Management Journal. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-8583.2010.00157.x.
Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. W. and Nijstad, B. A. (2008) ‘A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: Hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus?’, Psychological bulletin, 134(6), p. 779.
Bardzil, P. and Slaski, M. (2003) ‘Emotional intelligence: Fundamental competencies for enhanced service provision’, Managing Service Quality: An International Journal.
Beecher, M. D. (1989) ‘Signalling systems for individual recognition: an information theory approach’, Animal Behaviour, 38(2), pp. 248–261. doi: 10.1016/S0003-3472(89)80087-9.
Beltrán-Martín, I. and Bou-Llusar, J. C. (2018) ‘Examining the intermediate role of employee abilities, motivation and opportunities to participate in the relationship between HR bundles and employee performance’, BRQ Business Research Quarterly. doi: 10.1016/j.brq.2018.02.001.
Brewer, P. D. and Brewer, K. L. (2010) ‘Knowledge Management, Human Resource Management, and Higher Education: A Theoretical Model’, Journal of Education for Business, 85(6), pp. 330–335. doi: 10.1080/08832321003604938.
Cerezo, L., Moreno, N. and Leow, R. P. (2015) ‘12. Psycholinguistically motivated CALL activities’, in A Psycholinguistic Approach to Technology and Language Learning. doi: 10.1515/9781614513674-015.
Chakrabarti, G. and Chatterjea, T. (2017) Employees’ emotional intelligence, motivation & productivity, and organizational excellence: A future trend in HRD, Employees’ Emotional Intelligence, Motivation & Productivity, and Organizational Excellence: A Future Trend in HRD. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-5759-5.
Choudhary, N. et al. (2017) ‘Employee job performance: The interplay of leaders’ emotion management ability and employee perception of job characteristics’, Journal of Management Development. doi: 10.1108/JMD-10-2016-0195.
Connelly, B. L. et al. (2011) ‘Signaling theory: A review and assessment’, Journal of Management, pp. 39–67. doi: 10.1177/0149206310388419.
Corner, P. D. and Ho, M. (2010) ‘How opportunities develop in social entrepreneurship’, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 34(4), pp. 635–659. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00382.x.
Crossan, M. M. et al. (2017) ‘Toward a framework of leader character in organizations’, Journal of Management Studies, 54, pp. 986–1018. doi: 10.1111/joms.
Dall’Ora, C. et al. (2016) ‘Characteristics of shift work and their impact on employee performance and wellbeing: A literature review’, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57, pp. 12–27. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.007.
Davis, M. A. (2009) ‘Understanding the relationship between mood and creativity: A meta-analysis’, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108(1), pp. 25–38. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.04.001.
Delcourt, C. et al. (2013) ‘Effects of perceived employee emotional competence on customer satisfaction and loyalty: The mediating role of rapport’, Journal of Service Management, 24(1), pp. 5–24. doi: 10.1108/09564231311304161.
Delcourt, C. et al. (2016) ‘Employee Emotional Competence: Construct Conceptualization and Validation of a Customer-Based Measure’, Journal of Service Research, 19(1), pp. 72–87. doi: 10.1177/1094670515590776.
Delcourt, C. et al. (2017) ‘An analysis of the interaction effect between employee technical and emotional competencies in emotionally charged service encounters’, Journal of Service Management, 28(1), pp. 85–106.
Dhani, P. and Sharma, T. (2017) ‘Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance of IT employees: A gender study’, Procedia computer science, 122, pp. 180–185.
Diamantidis, A. D. and Chatzoglou, P. (2018) ‘Factors affecting employee performance: an empirical approach’, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
Edmondson, A. C. (2012) Teaming: How organizations learn, innovate, and compete in the knowledge economy. John Wiley & Sons.
Ekhsan, M. et al. (2020) ‘Analysis of the Effect of Learning Orientation, Role of Leaders and Competence to Employee Performance Front Office the Sultan Hotel Jakarta’, in 4th International Conference on Management, Economics and Business (ICMEB 2019). Atlantis Press, pp. 239–244. doi: 10.2991/aebmr.k.200205.042.
Fernandes, T., Morgado, M. and Rodrigues, M. A. (2018) ‘The role of employee emotional competence in service recovery encounters’, Journal of Services Marketing, 32(7), pp. 835–849. doi: 10.1108/JSM-07-2017-0237.
Geng, Z. et al. (2014) ‘The effects of emotional labor on frontline employee creativity’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(7), pp. 1046–1064. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-12-2012-0244.
Godwin, J. L., Neck, C. P. and D’Intino, R. S. (2016) ‘Self-leadership, spirituality, and entrepreneur performance: a conceptual model’, Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 13(1), pp. 64–78. doi: 10.1080/14766086.2015.1122546.
Grobelna, A. (2019) ‘Effects of individual and job characteristics on hotel contact employees’ work engagement and their performance outcomes: A case study from Poland’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), pp. 349–369. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-08-2017-0501.
Hair, J. F. et al. (2010) Multivariate data analysis: Global edition. UK: Pearson Education Limited.
Hair, J. F. (2014) Multivariat Data Analysis 7th Edition. 7th ed. USA: Pearson Education Limited.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M. and Sarstedt, M. (2011) ‘PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet’, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), pp. 139–152. doi: 10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202.
Heller, W. et al. (2006) ‘Characters in contexts: Identity and personality processes that influence individual and family adjustment to brain injury’, Journal of Rehabilitation.
Hudson, S. D. (2021) Human character and morality: Reflections from the history of ideas. Routledge.
Hunsaker, W. D. (2017) ‘Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring the conditional effects of self-determination and Confucian mindset’, International Journal of Business and Society.
Javanmard, H. (2012) ‘The impact of spirituality on work performance’, Indian Journal of Science and Technology. doi: 10.17485/ijst/2012/v5i1/30966.
Joelle, M. and Coelho, A. M. (2019) ‘The impact of spirituality at work on workers’ attitudes and individual performance’, International Journal of Human Resource Management. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1314312.
Karasek III, R. and Bryant, P. (2012) ‘Signaling theory: Past, present, and future’, Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 11(1), p. 91.
Karatepe, O. M. and Baddar, L. (2006) ‘An empirical study of the selected consequences of frontline employees’ work–family conflict and family–work conflict’, Tourism management, 27(5), pp. 1017–1028.
Khan, Z. et al. (2020) ‘Employee emotional resilience during post-merger integration across national boundaries: Rewards and the mediating role of fairness norms’, Journal of World Business, 55(2), p. 100888.
Kidwell, B. et al. (2011) ‘Emotional intelligence in marketing exchanges’, Journal of marketing, 75(1), pp. 78–95.
Kim, G. H. et al. (2018) ‘Emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms in female Bank employees: a questionnaire survey using the K-ELS and K-WVS’, Annals of occupational and environmental medicine, 30(1), pp. 1–8.
Kim, T. T. et al. (2012) ‘Emotional intelligence and emotional labor acting strategies among frontline hotel employees’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Klaus, L. and Fernando, M. (2013) ‘Social innovation through spiritual leadership’, Working Papers Series on Social Responsibility, Ethics & Sustainable Business – Volume 2, pp. 26–27. Available at: http://www.csrconferences.org/RePEc/aes/icsrog/2013/2013_2_019.pdf.
Kore, E. L. R. et al. (2019) ‘Effects of individual characteristics, occupational safety and health on employee performance of PT PLN (Persero) in Merauke regency’, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing, p. 12047. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/235/1/012047.
Marbawi et al. (2018) ‘The influence of organizational culture, individual characteristics, and transformational leadership style on the job satisfaction and performance of employees in indonesia’, Quality - Access to Success, 19(163), pp. 43–46.
Men, L. R. and Yue, C. A. (2019) ‘Creating a positive emotional culture: Effect of internal communication and impact on employee supportive behaviors’, Public Relations Review, 45(3), p. 101764. doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.03.001.
Owen, R. (1814) A New View of Society: Or, Essays on the Principle of the Formation of the Human Character, and the Application of the Principle to Practice: Essay 3. Cadell & Davies.
Oyen, M. P. V., Gel, E. G. S. and Hopp, W. J. (2001) ‘Performance opportunity for workforce agility in collaborative and noncollaborative work systems’, IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers). doi: 10.1080/07408170108936871.
Penrose, L. S. (1938) ‘Genetic Linkage in Graded Human Characters’, Annals of Eugenics, 8(3), pp. 233–237. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1938.tb02176.x.
Rasooli, T. et al. (2019) ‘The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Attitudes of Organizational Culture among Managers of Hospitals of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences: 2019’, Entomol Appl Sci Lett, 6(3), pp. 62–67.
Rathi, N., Bhatnagar, D. and Mishra, S. K. (2013) ‘Effect of Emotional Labor on Emotional Exhaustion and Work Attitudes among Hospitality Employees in India’, Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 12(3), pp. 273–290. doi: 10.1080/15332845.2013.769142.
Rawat, P. S., Lyndon, S. and Jose, J. (2020) ‘Employee reactiveness and inclusive leadership : time to manage emotional diversity’. doi: 10.1108/SAJBS-02-2020-0042.
Rice, D. B., Young, N. C. J. and Sheridan, S. (2020) ‘Improving employee emotional and behavioral investments through the trickle-down effect of organizational inclusiveness and the role of moral supervisors’, Journal of Business and Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s10869-019-09675-2.
Robbins, S. P. and Judge, T. A. (2017) ‘Organizational behavior, Edition 17, Global edition’. Boston: Pearson.
Saffar, N. and Obeidat, A. (2020) ‘The effect of total quality management practices on employee performance: The moderating role of knowledge sharing’, Management Science Letters, 10(1), pp. 77–90.
Schleu, J. E. and Hüffmeier, J. (2021) ‘Simply the best? A systematic literature review on the predictive validity of employee performance for leader performance’, Human Resource Management Review, 31(2), p. 100777. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100777.
Seijts, G., Espinoza, J. A. and Carswell, J. (2020) ‘Utility analysis of character assessment in employee placement’, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 41(5), pp. 703–720. doi: 10.1108/LODJ-07-2019-0314.
Shahhosseini, M. et al. (2012) ‘The role of emotional intelligence on job performance’, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(21).
Su, W.-P., Pham, B. and Wardhani, A. (2005) ‘High-level control posture of story characters based on personality and emotion’, in Proceedings of the second Australasian conference on Interactive entertainment.
Sweeney, P. J. and Fry, L. W. (2012) ‘Character development through spiritual leadership’, Consulting Psychology Journal. doi: 10.1037/a0028966.
Wang, M. et al. (2019) ‘The effect of spiritual leadership on employee effectiveness: An intrinsic motivation perspective’, Frontiers in psychology, 9, p. 2627.
Wright, T. A. et al. (2017) ‘Best practice recommendations for scale construction in organizational research: The development and initial validation of the Character Strength Inventory (CSI)’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(5), pp. 615–628. doi: 10.1002/job.2180.
Yuvaraj, S. and Eveline, S. N. D. (2018) ‘THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE TOWARDS EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT’, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics.
Zwir, I. et al. (2020) ‘Uncovering the complex genetics of human character’, Molecular psychiatry, 25(10), pp. 2295–2312.
Published
2022-06-01
How to Cite
Asti, P., Widyaningsih, D., & Priyadi, A. (2022). Employee Emotions on Employee Performance: The Role of Human Character. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ekonomi Syariah), 5(2), 2063-2076. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i2.787
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
